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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarem | om βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 2SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtaret | ot βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 3SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtara | ok/ogeʃ βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 1PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarena | ona/ogəna βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 2PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtareda | oda/ogəda βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 3PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarat | ogət βont͡ɕeʃtare |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəʃəm | ʃəm βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 2SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 3SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəʃ | əʃ βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 1PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəʃna | əʃna βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 2PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəʃda | əʃda βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 3PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəʃt | əʃt βont͡ɕeʃtare |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarenam | βont͡ɕeʃtaren oməl |
| 2SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarenat | βont͡ɕeʃtaren otəl |
| 3SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtaren | βont͡ɕeʃtaren ogəl |
| 1PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarenːa | βont͡ɕeʃtaren onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarenda | βont͡ɕeʃtaren odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarenət | βont͡ɕeʃtaren ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarem əʎe | om βont͡ɕeʃtare əʎe |
| 2SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtaret əʎe | ot βont͡ɕeʃtare əʎe |
| 3SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtara əʎe | ok/ogeʃ βont͡ɕeʃtare əʎe |
| 1PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarena əʎe | ona/ogəna βont͡ɕeʃtare əʎe |
| 2PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtareda əʎe | oda/ogəda βont͡ɕeʃtare əʎe |
| 3PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarat əʎe | ogət βont͡ɕeʃtare əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarem ulmaʃ | om βont͡ɕeʃtare ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtaret ulmaʃ | ot βont͡ɕeʃtare ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtara ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ βont͡ɕeʃtare ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna βont͡ɕeʃtare ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtareda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda βont͡ɕeʃtare ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarat ulmaʃ | ogət βont͡ɕeʃtare ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarenam əʎe | βont͡ɕeʃtaren oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarenat əʎe | βont͡ɕeʃtaren otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtaren əʎe | βont͡ɕeʃtaren ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarenːa əʎe | βont͡ɕeʃtaren onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarenda əʎe | βont͡ɕeʃtaren odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtaren əʎe | βont͡ɕeʃtaren ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarenam ulmaʃ | βont͡ɕeʃtaren oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarenat ulmaʃ | βont͡ɕeʃtaren otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtaren ulmaʃ | βont͡ɕeʃtaren ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarenːa ulmaʃ | βont͡ɕeʃtaren onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarenda ulmaʃ | βont͡ɕeʃtaren odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtaren ulmaʃ | βont͡ɕeʃtaren ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtare | it βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 3SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəʒe | ənʒe βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 1PL: | (βont͡ɕeʃtarena) | (ona/ogəna βont͡ɕeʃtare) |
| 2PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəza | ida βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 3PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəʃt | ənəʃt βont͡ɕeʃtare |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarənem | ənem βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 2SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarənet | ənet βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 3SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəneʒe | əneʒ βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 1PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarənena | ənena βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 2PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəneda | əneda βont͡ɕeʃtare |
| 3PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəneʃt | əneʃt βont͡ɕeʃtare |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarənem əʎe | ənem βont͡ɕeʃtare əʎe |
| 2SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarənena əʎe | ənet βont͡ɕeʃtare əʎe |
| 3SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ βont͡ɕeʃtare əʎe |
| 1PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarənena əʎe | ənena βont͡ɕeʃtare əʎe |
| 2PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəneda əʎe | əneda βont͡ɕeʃtare əʎe |
| 3PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt βont͡ɕeʃtare əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarənet ulmaʃ | ənet βont͡ɕeʃtare ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ βont͡ɕeʃtare ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəneda ulmaʃ | əneda βont͡ɕeʃtare ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt βont͡ɕeʃtare ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | βont͡ɕeʃtaraʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəman |
| Active participle: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəʃe |
| Passive participle: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | βont͡ɕeʃtarədəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | βont͡ɕeʃtaren |
| Negative gerund: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | βont͡ɕeʃtarəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | βont͡ɕeʃtarədəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||